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Seeing through the fog by looking straight (Finished Master Project)

Left image is an almost white blurry image with text "Before". Right, lund university logo in black on a brighter background with text "After".
Left image is the Lund university logo imaged through milk that makes it blurred to almost invisible. Right is the reconstruction shown in this work to extract the logo details.

You are out in the woods taking your new profile picture when suddenly a fog rolls in. First you think it is mystical and perfect, but it is so thick that you just look like a blurry blob in the pictures. Do not dispair just yet, this master project might be just what you need. The reason that you are looking blurred in the pictures is scattering. The photons that travel through the fog from you to the camera interacts with the small water droplets in the air and change direction (scatter). This means that they do not end up in the place of the image that you would expect that is shown as blur. But the information of you is still hidden inside the blurred picture since some photons have not interacted with the fog. In this thesis, we can see through the fog by taking multiple pictures where each filters out these hidden photons and then combining the pictures using a phase retrieval algorithm. The blurring can be substantially reduced as is seen in the picture above.

To reduce the blurring in images taken in for example a fog, we need to identify the properties of these hidden photons. One important property is that these protons are more probably to come into the camera at a straight angle from the person in the photo. By only looking at light that travels straight ahead, you can easily remove all of the scattered light. Unfortunately, it's not that easy. It is not only the scattered photons but also photons with information of finer details of the person that are not coming in straight. This is the reason for why you need large objectives to get high-resolution images. There is actually a trade-off that must be made between how much of the scattered light you can remove and the resolution of the image you take. If you would have let through only the straight photons to remove the scattered photons, the resolution of your image will be very poor.

But what would happen if you took 100 low-resolution images at different angles and added them together? Each low-resolution image would contain different information of the image that can then be combined into a high-resolution image that maintains a high contrast. This could maybe make our pictures worthy enough to go online. The problem is that when you take many pictures after one another, you need to stay very still (and also all the birds in the background) so that the pictures are taken of the same scene. To avoid this, a technique can be used that divide the camera sensor into parts in order to take many pictures at the same time. The results shown in this work, takes several steps in that direction to be able to be used in different fields in physics, chemistry and biology.

For you reading this when taking profile pictures in the fog. It seems we are not fully ready to help you. You can however simply wait for the fog to clear.

This work was done by Sam Taylor.

Supervised by:

Elias Kristensson - portal.research.lu.se

Vassily Kornienko - portal.research.lu.se

Link to the full master project - uu.diva-portal.org