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Ammonia as a fuel and hydrogen carrier

Bright blue bottom gas with a yellow candle like gas going upwards. Photo.
Turbulent ammonia flame.

The contribution of carbon dioxide emissions from combustion to global warming is well known. How can this be mitigated? One way is carbon-free combustion with hydrogen. But how about challenges with hydrogen handling, storage and distribution?

Combustion of hydrogen (H2) can provide energy without net carbon dioxide emissions contributing to global warming. However, hydrogen is very flammable, making handling, storage and distribution challenging regarding safety and efficiency. Ammonia (NH3) offers one way to avoid these problems, as it is a liquid that can be easily transported and stored safely. While it is possible to convert NH3 into H2 before combustion, NH3 can also directly act as a fuel.

The challenges with NH3 as a fuel are a slow combustion and strong formation of nitric oxide pollutants. Achieving stable NH3 combustion with low emission levels requires knowledge of the chemical processes, obtained from experiments combined with numerical modeling.

We use laser-based diagnostic methods to measure species concentrations in ammonia combustion and gain detailed knowledge of the chemistry. This supports the development of computational models that can be used in simulations of real-life systems to investigate optimum conditions for NH3 utilization in a sustainable future energy system.

Christian Brackmann - portal.research.lu.se

Arman Subash - portal.research.lu.se

Alexander Konnov - portal.research.lu.se

Joakim Bood - portal.research.lu.se

Marcus Aldén - portal.research.lu.se

COCALD research project - portal.research.lu.se